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First-year composition
First-year composition (sometimes known as freshman composition or freshman writing) is an introductory core curriculum writing course in North American colleges. This course focuses on improving students' abilities to write in a university setting and introduces students to writing practices in the disciplines and professions.〔Duffy, John. "(Essay on the Value of First-year Writing Courses )." ''Inside Higher Ed''. March 16, 2012.〕 These courses are traditionally required of incoming students, thus the previous name, "Freshman Composition." Scholars working within the field of Composition-Rhetoric often have teaching First-year composition (FYC) courses as the practical focus of their scholarly work.
First-year composition (FYC) courses are structured in a variety of ways. Some institutions of higher education require only one term of FYC, while others require two or three courses. There are a number of identifiable pedagogies associated with FYC, including but not limited to the following: current-traditional, expressivist, social-epistemic, process, post-process and Writing about Writing (WAW). Each of these pedagogies can generate a multitude of curricula.
Composition professionals, including those with degrees in Writing Studies and Rhetoric and Composition, often focus on a rhetorical approach to help students learn how to apply an understanding of audience, purpose, context, invention, and style to their writing processes. This rhetorical approach has shown that real writing, rather than existing as isolated modes, has more to do with a writer choosing from among many approaches to perform rhetorical tasks. In addition to a focus on rhetoric, many first year composition courses also emphasize writing process, where students are encouraged to interact with classmates and receive feedback to be used for revision. These practices can take the form of essay peer review or workshopping. Portfolios are a common way of assessing revised student work.〔"(Principles and Practices in Electronic Portfolios )." Conference on College Composition and Communication, 2007.〕
==History==
Since the late nineteenth century, college courses on composition have become increasingly common in American higher education.〔Crowley, Sharon. ''Composition in the University: Historical and Polemical Essays''. Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Press: 1998.〕 Although a longstanding course offering at many colleges, first-year composition remains controversial and marginalized.〔Miller, Susan. ''Textual Carnivals: The Politics of Composition.'' Carbondale and Edwardsville, IL: Southern Illinois University Press, 1991. 〕〔Holbrook, Sue Ellen. "Women's Work: The Feminizing of Composition." ''Rhetoric Review'' 9(2) 1991: 201-229. 〕
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